Coronavirus Lasts Longer in Men than Women. Gender Biased Virus COVID-19

Coronavirus Lasts Longer in Men than Women being Gender Biased Virus COVID-19

A new study finds that males with New Coronavirus detoxify more slowly than women, or related to differences in hormone levels

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It was learned on April 23 that the latest research found that the duration of the new coronavirus males was significantly longer than that of females, and that patients older than 60 and male patients had longer durations of the virus.

Duration of SARS-CoV-2 virus in feces higher than in respiratory and serum

New research by the Zhejiang University School of Medicine and other teams on the time and load of viruses in different tissue samples of patients diagnosed with the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) shows that the duration of the virus in feces is higher than that in the respiratory and serum samples. It is much longer and the peak viral load in feces appears later.

On April 21, local time, the international top medical journal BMJ (British Medical Journal) published a research article "Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China, January-March 2020 : Retrospective cohort study ", the research team includes a number of medical professional teams in Zhejiang, including the Clinical Laboratory Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, the Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Pharmacy and Respiratory Diseases And other departments. They also include Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Pancreatic Disease Research and Innovation Center, etc.

At present, the relationship between the viral load changes of New Coronavirus in different tissue samples such as lower respiratory tract, feces, serum and urine and the severity of the disease is still unknown, and this information is crucial for the development of disease control strategies and clinical treatment.

SARS-CoV-2 Disease Severity

Through a retrospective cohort study, the authors systematically evaluated 3497 samples collected from 96 inpatients of the first affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine infected with SARS-CoV-2 from January 19 to March 20, 2020 Viral load. They analyzed the time variation of viral load and the correlation between viral load in different sample types and disease severity.

Viral fecal transmission

The research team found that the duration of SARS-CoV-2 in fecal samples was significantly longer than that in respiratory and serum samples, which highlighted the risk of viral fecal transmission, indicating the need to strengthen the management of fecal samples in the prevention and control of new crown outbreaks.

In addition, it is worth noting that in critically ill patients, the virus persists in the respiratory system and feces for a longer time and greater load, and the time to reach the peak may be later than known.

Viruses in feces last a long time, with the highest viral load in respiratory samples

The study sample included 22 mild patients and 74 severe patients. The research team collected their epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatment and outcome data through the patients' electronic medical records.

The results of the study showed that new coronavirus RNA was detected in the feces of 55 patients (59%) and in the serum of 39 patients (41%), and there was no difference in the detection rate of fecal virus between mild and severe patients.

It is worth noting that the detection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples of diagnosed patients gradually decreased from 95% in the first week of symptom onset to 54% in the fourth week, and subsequent respiratory samples were negative. 

In feces and serum, the positive rate of the sample gradually increased from the first week, and then began to decrease from the third week.

Although the detection rate of viral RNA in the urine of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) patients was as high as 50%, in this study, the researchers found the new coronavirus in only the urine samples of one critically ill patient RNA.

79% of serum samples contain SARS virus RNA

The detection rate of viral RNA in serum is also significantly different from SARS. Some previous studies have found that as many as 79% of serum samples contain SARS virus RNA in the first week of symptoms, which is the proportion in the second week About 50%. However, in this study, the detection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the patient's serum was only 41%.

New research finds that males with new coronavirus detoxify more slowly than females, or related to differences in hormone levels

The number of positive virus detected in the respiratory tract, feces, serum, urine samples of patients with mild or severe new crown diagnosed at different stages after the onset of symptoms.

Duration of corona virus in the stool

The researchers found that the duration of the virus in the stool of the diagnosed patient (22 days, quartile range 17-31 days) was significantly longer than that of the respiratory system (18 days, 13-29 days) and serum samples (16 days, 11-21 day).

In addition, the duration of the virus in respiratory samples of patients with severe diseases is significantly longer than that of patients with mild diseases. There is no significant difference in the viral load in feces and serum samples of mild and severe patients.

New research finds that males with new coronavirus detoxify more slowly than females, or related to differences in hormone levels 

Different types of tissue samples and different viral loads were used. There are significant differences in viral load among different tissues. Among the samples studied, respiratory samples had the highest viral loads, followed by stool samples, and serum samples had the lowest viral loads.

Through local weighted regression analysis, the researchers found that in the mild group, the viral load in the patient's respiratory tract sample peaked at the beginning of the second week of the disease; in the severe group, the viral load in the patient's respiratory tract sample was The third and fourth weeks continue to rise.

Similar to the trend of viral load in respiratory samples of critically ill patients, in the third and fourth weeks after the onset of the disease, the viral load of the patient's stool samples was the highest.

Changes in viral load in respiratory sample

Since the onset of symptoms, changes in viral load in respiratory samples of mild and severe patients and all stool samples, purple represents respiratory samples of severe patients, yellow represents respiratory samples of mild patients, and pink represents stool samples of all patients.

Viruses in lower respiratory tract samples last longer than upper respiratory tract, and peaks appear later

The researchers found that the researchers found that the type and duration of antiviral treatment had no overall effect on the duration and viral load of the virus.

In critically ill patients, the virus duration of patients receiving continuous glucocorticoid therapy for more than 10 days is much longer than that of patients with continuous treatment for less than 10 days. influences.

At present, the therapeutic effect of glucocorticoids and antiviral drugs on SARS-CoV-2 patients is unclear. The researchers emphasized that since the types and doses of antiviral drugs and glucocorticoids were not analyzed, the effects of antiviral drugs and glucocorticoids cannot currently be evaluated.

The authors said that in the next step, the effectiveness of antiviral drugs and glucocorticoids needs to be verified by more multi-center randomized studies.

Duration of Coronavirus in Males Longer than in Females

After stratifying the critically ill patients, the researchers found that the duration of the virus in males was significantly longer than that in females, and that in patients over 60 years old and male patients was longer.

In addition to the differences in the immune status of men and women, the causes of gender differences in virus duration may also be related to the differences in hormone levels. Part of the reason that the virus lasts longer in elderly patients is due to immune aging, and another reason is that the new coronavirus "receptor" angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is higher in the alveoli of the elderly.

A previous study found that the peak load of SARS-CoV-2 in patients' upper respiratory tract samples appeared in the early stages of the disease. However, the researchers found that in the lower respiratory tract samples, the "viral shedding" of the new coronavirus lasted longer, and the peak appeared late, and the peak detoxification appeared only about two weeks after the onset of symptoms.

The researchers believe that these findings are important for effective control and prevention of the new crown epidemic, because this indicates that the entire disease process of SARS-CoV-2 patients must be strictly managed.

Based on the research results, the authors believe that the role of fecal excretion in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be ignored. However, in the prevention and control of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, the feasibility of large-scale testing of stool samples also requires a comprehensive and careful evaluation.

Research: New coronavirus can stay in patients' eyes for up to 20 days

According to the "New York Post" report on the 22nd, a new study showed that the new coronavirus has remained in the patient's eye for more than 20 days, and reappeared a week after disappearing. Not only that, after the disappearance of the new coronavirus in the patient's nasal cavity, there are still traces of the activity of this infectious pathogen in the eye.

COVID Research on Italian Woman

According to an article published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, the 65-year-old patient was the first confirmed case of new pneumonia in Italy, and was sent to the Italian National Infectious Diseases Study in Rome on January 29 In the isolation ward of the hospital. Her symptoms on admission included dry cough, sore throat, inflammation of the nasal cavity, and signs of bilateral conjunctivitis or pink eyes.

On the fourth day, the patient began to develop fever and vomiting, but it was not clear whether this was the 4th day after the onset of symptoms or the 4th day after admission. Test results confirmed that she was infected with the new coronavirus.

Since the patient's conjunctivitis symptoms have not improved, on the third day of admission, the medical staff decided to perform an eye swab test on her and found that virus particles could be detected. Throughout the hospitalization, this patient continued to undergo an eye swab test and found that the new coronavirus was continuously replicating, which indicated that her eyes may be infectious.

New research finds that males with new coronavirus detoxify more slowly than females, or related to differences in hormone levels .

Intraocular fluids of people infected with New Coronavirus may contain infectious virus according to the New York Post

The researchers wrote: "We found that the intraocular fluid of people infected with the new coronavirus may contain infectious viruses, so this may be a potential source of infection."

Not only that, until day 21, the new coronavirus was still detectable in the patient's eyes, then the virus disappeared, but reappeared after 5 days. 

The researchers also pointed out that after the RNA of the new coronavirus disappeared from the nasal swab samples for a few days, the genetic genes of the virus were detected in the patient's eye swab. This indicates that the new coronavirus remains in the patient's eyes longer than previously found through nasal swabs.

"These findings underscore the importance of preventive measures, such as avoiding touching the nose, mouth and eyes, and washing hands frequently," the researchers wrote. 

At the same time, it also reminds ophthalmologists of the importance of proper use of personal protective equipment during clinical examinations, because the eye mucosa may not only be a place where viruses enter, but also a source of infection.

SARS-CoV-2 may have an eye infection early in the course of COVID-19

"In addition, we observed that SARS-CoV-2 may have an eye infection early in the course of COVID-19, which indicates that early measures must be taken to prevent transmission through this route." The research team recommends that the next step researchers should try to find out Eye cells that enable the new coronavirus to replicate.